My experience - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 699 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/17 Category People Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Experience Essay Life Experience Essay Did you like this example? Homework 1 Answer question number 17 at the end of chapter one and question number 18 at the end of chapter two; and the internet exercises on page  10 and page 46. Chapter 1, Question 17. Given an example of a recent purchase you made where the purchase wasn’t just a single transaction but rather part of an ongoing relationship with the seller. Discuss what the seller has done (or could do better) to strengthen the relationship and increase the odds of you being a loyal costumer in the future. Answer: I recently bought a 2010 Ford 150 XLT in a local but big dealership here in San Antonio. This is my 4th vehicle that I bought from the same dealer. My experience in this place was not the best but I had to go there because that was the only one that had the incentives and discounts that I was looking for. First of all every time that I’m going to buy a car I know is going to be very frustrating. I spent from 6 – 12 hours every time I go for it, because the sales representative wants to play the game of, â€Å"I can’t give that because this† and a whole lot of stories and excuses. I do my homework before buying a car, but they think that all the customers are a little mentally challenge and they can get away with everything they want. That is why I spent so many hours trying to get them to my point. I think what they can do to improve the relationship is just stop lying period and just make the sale. All those hours that wasted and the sales representative as well, he could have more customers and make more money, instead they decide to play that game with you but at the end I got the deal that I want it from the beginning. To me I don’t think that is a good business practice having an employee wasting that many hours with a costumer instead of giving a good deal and jump to the next sale. Chapter 2, Question 18 In your own words, explain several reasons why a marketing manager should consider internatio nal markets when evaluating possible opportunities. Answer: It’s easy for a marketing manager to fall into the trap of ignoring international markets, especially when the firm’s domestic market is prosperous. Yet, there are good reasons to go to the trouble of looking elsewhere for opportunities. International trade is increasing all around the world, and trade barriers are coming down. In addition, advances in transportation and communications are making it easier and cheaper to reach international customers. With an Internet web site, even the smallest firm can provide international customers with a great deal of information and easy ways to order at very little expense. E-mail communications and interactive electronic ordering on the Internet are fast and efficient whether the customer is a mile away or in another country. Around the world, potential customers have needs and money to spend. The real question is whether a firm can effectively use its resources to meet these customers’ needs at a profit. Internet Exercise Page 10 www. target. com How many different manufactures’ products are shown? Would consumers be better off if each manufacturer just sold directly from its own website? Answer I clicked on electronics and is about 20 different manufactures products. I don’t think consumers would be better off buying straight from the manufacture’s website because going to big retail store like target you find better discounts, why? Because these big corporations buy products in massive quantities –meaning- bigger discounts, which allow these corporations to sell items with a great discount and still make a good profit. Internet Exercise Page 46 www. watchreport. com Go to the site www. watchreport. com and identify a watch from one of Timex’s competitors that you think offers attractive new features or benefits. Do you think that Timex should offer a similar watch? Why or why not? Answer After an extensive research, I could not find a better watch than the Timex Ironman Global Trainer GPS Watch. As of 1 August 2010 this watch appears to be one of the most sophisticated training watches currently available. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "My experience" essay for you Create order

Movie Review High Noon - 1146 Words

The Western Hero In the world of westerns, the hero is obvious. Above anything else, they are brave and courageous. Often they have no attachments to family. Furthermore, the Western hero is emphatically not part of civilization or society, though society may need him. In the classic film High Noon directed by Fred Zinneman, Will Kane appears to follow the role of a ‘western hero’, however, as the film progresses its characters diversify. Everything about Will Kane shouts hero. William meaning, resolute protector† describes Kane perfectly. Which is why it is so incongruous that he spends the first portion of the film running away from the â€Å"bad guys†. As Kane and Amy ride out of town in the beginning of the film, the audience sees a battle rage on Kane s face; he simply can’t run from trouble and leave the town he has served so long undefended. Kane returns to town, goes to the marshal s office, and puts on his badge. His character can only briefly shy away from h is sense of justice, before returning to the fight. Upon his return to town, Kane reclaims his status as the marshal and as a hero. He is single again, free from control and from settling down; he is acting on his principals and being courageous. He is willing to fight the outlaws and willing to do it alone if no one will help him; he is bright and skilled; he is physically fit, strong enough to beat his deputy Harvey in a fist fight. However, in many ways the character of Will Kane embodies the exemplaryShow MoreRelatedThe Style Of David Fincher s Se7en1386 Words   |  6 PagesConclusion xix References xxi Style of Se7en by David Fincher 1. Introduction The movie selected for this particular assignment was David Fincher’s Se7en, which is an adaptation of the screenplay written by Andrew Kevin Walker, the movie was released in 1995. The movie falls under the genres of drama, mystery and thriller. All the three genres provide the viewers with incomplete information adding to the suspense of the movie. According to the Hill (2010), suspense is an external environmental stimulusRead MoreTitanicï ¼Ë†Movie Reviewï ¼â€°1643 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica, to be married to Cal Hockley (Billy Zane), a situation she is not thrilled about. Sparks fly when Dawson manages to talk Rose out of jumping overboard, but tragedy awaits as the unsinkable ship hits and iceberg and begins to flounder. In the movie, this story is presented to the audience as a flashback. The narrator is Rose, 101 years old, with the last name Dawson. She tells the story to a treasure hunter (Bill Paxton), who is looking for the famous (and valuable) Heart of the Ocean, a diamondRead MoreEssay on Western Movies Since 19602820 Words   |  12 Pagesquot;As recently as 1972, there were a tremendous number of quality Westerns being made . . . and since there seems to be a ten-year cycle in Western movie making, Id say well see more in about 1982.quot; 1 In 1982 only two Westerns were released, and neither was exactly a major success. Barbarosa, starring Willie Nelson, drew some respectable reviews–and some very damaging ones–but nobody went to see the film. The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez appeared first on PBS television, then later went into generalRead MoreMoon Landing Hoax1034 Words   |  4 Pagesafter all.† 　　Other theories include NASA faking the landing by staging the whole thing with Disney sponsors, like Stanley Kubrick and Oliver Stone others suggest the Apollo 11 used props from Capricorn one (December 1977) starring O.J. Simpson. The movie depicts a botched voyage to Mars where the astronauts are put on a remote island so no one knows the mission was faked the mission (Quinn 1) maybe that’s all the moon mission happened. The Images and videos brought back were insignificant some photosRead MoreFilm Festival At Antelope Valley College3497 Words   |  14 Pagesexample, I knew it was less than ideal for this situation. This assignment also gave me the opportunity to reassess the validity of some films that I thought I had liked but upon second analysis, might not hold in such high regard. In the end the films I chose are Juno, High Noon, The King’s Speech, Exit Through the Gift Shop, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, and Apocalypse Now. 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Pramaggiore and Wallis also outlined characteristics of Third Cinema: In her review of Symbolic Narratives/African Film: Audiences, Theory and the Moving Image, Isabel Balseiro (2002) further characterized the unique qualities of emergent African cinema: African cinema organically grows out of African reality; as such, its primaryRead MoreCurriculum Observation and Theoretical Analysis3565 Words   |  14 Pagesteaching strategies and theories being used by the teacher and determine their effectiveness. The class consisted of 14 students of Caucasian and multicultural background (i.e., African-American, biracial, and Hispanic). I conducted my observations from noon until the end of the school day. The students were lively, and as they returned to class from lunch seemed eager to begin the next phase of the day which included science discussions and activities. 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Exploring Methods Of Coast Protection Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(32) " possibly somewhat more inland\." A stipulation for a successful shoreline Restoration undertaking is that all the parties involved have some apprehension of the coastal morphological procedures. They are so in a place to understand why the present state of affairs has developed and why certain solutions will work and others will non. The followers should be considered in connexion with shoreline protection and direction undertakings: See the coastal country as a dynamic natural landscape. We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring Methods Of Coast Protection Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Make lone intercessions in the coastal procedures and in the coastal landscape if the involvements of the society are more of import than continuing the natural coastal resource. Appoint particular subdivisions of the seashore for natural development. Demolish inexpedient old protection strategies and re-establish the natural coastal landscape where possible. Minimise the usage of coastal protection strategies, give high precedence to the quality of the seashore resource, and concentrate on shore protection. Continue the natural fluctuation in the coastal landscapes. Restrict new development/housing close to the coastline in the unfastened uninhabited coastal landscape. Allow merely such installations, which require entree to the sea. Maintain and better the public entree to and along the beach, lawfully every bit good as in pattern. Reduce pollution and enhance sustainable use of coastal Waterss. This leads to the practical guidelines for shore protection in connexion with seashore protection, shore protection and shore Restoration undertakings. They are mentioned in the following paragraph. Work with nature, for case by re-establishing a starving coastal profile by nutriment and by using site-specific characteristics, such as beef uping semi-hard headlands. Choose a solution which fits the type of coastline and which fulfils as many of the ends set by the stakeholders and the governments as possible. It is rather frequently impossible to carry through all ends, as they are frequently conflicting and because of budget restrictions. It should be made clear to all parties, which ends are fulfilled and which are non. The adviser must do it wholly clear what the client can anticipate from the selected solution ; this is particularly of import if the undertaking has been adjusted to suit the available financess. Propose a support distribution, which reflects the fulfillment of the assorted ends, set by the parties involved. Manipulate the rate and gradient of the littoral impetus rate and gradient by usage of a minimal figure of constructions. Preserve subdivisions of untasted dynamic landscape where possible. Let protection steps merely if valuable buildings/infrastructure are threatened. This policy will continue the natural coastal resources and the neighbouring subdivisions will have stuff as a consequence of eroding in the unprotected country. Secure transition to and along the beach. Enhance the aesthetic visual aspect, e.g. by understating the figure of constructions. Few and larger constructions is usually better than a batch of little constructions. Preferably allow merely undertakings which deal with an full direction unit/sediment cell and which have maximum shore protection. Individual undertakings tend to concentrate on seashore protection. Minimise care demands to a degree, which the proprietor ( s ) of the strategy is able to pull off. A stand-alone nourishment solution may at first glimpse appear ideal, but it will usually non be ideal for the landholders, as recharge will be required at short intervals. Secure good local H2O quality and understate the hazard of pin downing dust and seaweed. Secure safety for swimmers by avoiding constructions bring forthing unsafe rake currents. Avoid protected beaches as these give a false feeling of safety for hapless swimmers. Protected beaches at exposed sites tend to endure from sand pin downing in the sheltered country. If the H2O is excessively unsmooth for swimming, a swimming pool, perchance in the signifier of a tidal pool, is a good solution. Provide good beach quality by procuring that the beaches are exposed to moving ridges, as the moving ridges maintain the attractive sandy beaches. This will of class limit the clip when swimming is possible, but doing protected beaches frequently means safety jeopardies, hapless beach quality and hapless H2O quality. Be realistic and matter-of-fact, maintaining in head that the natural untasted coastline is utopia in extremely developed countries. Create little attractive locations at otherwise strongly protected stretches if this is the lone realistic possibility. Overview of Types of Coast Protection, Shore Protection and Sea Defence Protection of the seashore and the shore against the erosive forces of moving ridges, currents and ramp rush can be performed in many ways, and protection of the seashore and the backwoods against deluging adds even more types to the protection defense mechanism steps. The pick of the step in a given state of affairs depends on the three primary conditions: The job ( coast eroding, beach debasement or implosion therapy ) The morphological conditions ( the type of coastal profile and the type of coastline ) The land usage ( infrastructure/habitation, diversion, agribusiness etc. ) Some of the steps have chiefly one map, which e.g. is the instance for a revetment. It protects the seashore against eroding, but aggravates shore eroding. Beach nourishment, on the other manus, protects against seashore eroding every bit good as against shore debasement. Management of the seashore Dune stabilization From Coastal Wiki Jump to: pilotage, hunt Dunes are a natural coastal characteristic on reasonably exposed and exposed seashores. Dunes are formed by the sand, which blows inland from the beach and is deposited in the country behind the coastline. Background During storm rush events, the pes of the dunes can be eroded but the dunes act as a really flexible buffer zone, which protects the backwoods from eroding and implosion therapy. The scoured stuff supplies stuff to the littoral budget understating the general eroding along the full subdivision of shoreline. During the storm and besides during more normal events, sand will be transported inland, sometimes in connexion with the formation of air current back streets in the dune row. After the storm, the damaged dune will bit by bit be built up once more, possibly somewhat more inland. You read "Exploring Methods Of Coast Protection Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" This means that a dune Acts of the Apostless as a natural flexible seashore protection and sea defense mechanism steps. It moves backwards parallel with the gnawing coastline and at the same clip it maintains its signifier and volume every bit good as a broad beach. This is a natural quasi-equilibrium state of affairs. The eroding of dunes as a consequence of a terrible storm rush is besides referred to as dune eroding. However, the natural balance will switch if the dune flora is damaged by croping or if beach-users, etc. bring forth excessively much traffic, etc. This may do the dunes to degrade ensuing in loss of the protection provided by the natural dunes. At the same clip the sand blowing inland causes assorted sorts of harm. Consequently, governments usually tend to protect dunes by modulating their usage. In some instances governments have been really eager to protect the dunes by seting marram grass and puting fascines in the air current back street to pin down the sand. ( Fascines are the placing of pine or titivate subdivisions ) . This has, in some instances, resulted in a complete repair of the dune place and an unnatural growing in tallness. Consequently, the flexibleness of the natural dune is lost ensuing in a gradual disappearing of the dune due to eroding, whereby the protection, provided by the natural dune system, is lost. Method Fig. 1. Marram planting and the placing of spruce fascines in air current back streets ( Danish Coastal Authority [ 1 ] ) . Planting marram grass and puting up spruce fascines for caparison of sand and sweetening of dune build up. Larger wind back streets can besides be filled unnaturally anterior to seting. However, as mentioned above, the protection should non be so comprehensive that it wholly fixes the dunes. Newly planted flora in peculiar can be strengthened by utilizing fertilizer. Restrictions for their usage can besides protect the dunes. Croping in dune countries is prohibited in most states, and governments frequently limit public entree. Such limitations may modulate the traffic in the dunes, e.g. by forbiding motor traffic. Different options are paved walk-to transitions in countries near parking tonss and fencing delicate freshly planted countries. Functional feature Dune stabilization is a sustainable protection step, heightening the natural protection ability of dune countries. It protects against moving ridge and storm rush onslaught and at the same clip it preserves the natural coastal landscape, if performed reasonably. Dune stabilization requires a planned and coordinated attempt. Applicability Dune stabilization is applicable on all coastal types where natural dunes occur. This is particularly the instance on reasonably exposed to exposed seashores with perpendicular to really oblique moving ridge ( air current ) onslaughts, types 1M to4M and 1E to 4E. Artificial dunes are besides used as a sea defense mechanism construction. Cliff stabilization From Coastal Wiki Jump to: pilotage, hunt Coastal drops can be unstable due to the combined consequence of several factors, discussed in this article along with methods to brace them. Background Coastal drops can be unstable due to the combined consequence of several factors, such as: Erosion of the pes of the drop caused by wave action and storm rush Skiding or weathering of the incline due to geo-technical instability. The eroding of the pes of the drop usually initiates geotechnical instability, but the sliding/collapse can be of different nature depending on the geo-technical conditions of the incline. There are fundamentally three different state of affairss: If the stuff is non-cohesive stuff, the weathering of the drop ailment usually occur at the same time with the eroding of the pes as a talus formation, which is the aggregation of fallen stuff organizing a incline at the pes of the drop. If the stuff is a mixture of clay, silt, sand and bowlders, such as in the instance of moraine boulder clay, the incline can be really steep for a period due to the cohesive forces, but the incline will finally fall in. Smaller or bigger fractions of the drop will fall in connexion with groundwater force per unit area, frost impact or general weathering, or by skiding. Skiding will particularly happen in connexion with groundwater force per unit area. If the stuff consists of fictile clay or silty clay, the prostration of the drop will be in the signifier of slides, which can travel far behind the top of the drop. Weathering of the drop by air current conveyance of sand. This will be most marked if the drop stuff is sand ; nevertheless, besides exposed drops dwelling of other types of stuff can be eroded by sand blown over the drop from the beach. Method The basic cause of cliff instability is usually the marine eroding of the pes of the drop, extenuation of this is covered under the protection method: Revetment. Installing the revetment will except farther eroding of the pes, but at that phase the incline of the drop may really good be so steep that enduring and sliding may still happen. This can be counteracted by the undermentioned agencies: Artificial smoothing of the incline, if there is adequate infinite at the pes every bit good as at top of the drop for this. This will antagonize future uncontrolled weathering and sliding. Smoothing of the incline by make fulling with farinaceous stuff at the pes of the drop. This requires that there is sufficient infinite at the pes of the drop for the filling. Establish a flora screen on the drop. This can best be done by following the above-named smoothing of the incline. Good flora protects against enduring and groundwater ooze, and thereby to some extent against skiding Drain of groundwater. This can be used if the drop suffers from skiding due to high groundwater force per unit area and hapless drainage conditions. Horizontal and perpendicular drains can be used every bit good as the ordinance of the surface overflow. Cliff inclines are frequently aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"protectedaa‚ ¬A? by dumping miscellaneous rubbish, such as subdivisions etc. , over the drop. It is a bad aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"solutionaa‚ ¬A? because it does non halt the hazard of skiding. On the contrary, it spoils the flora and thereby increases the hazard of skiding. Functional feature Cliff stabilization presupposes that the pes of the drop has been stabilised. Stabilization counteracts the natural behavior of drops to skid and endure. Such an active drop is portion of the dynamic coastal landscape and should therefore in rule be maintained as an incorporate portion of this landscape. Applicability Cliff stabilization can be applied at all reasonably exposed to open seashores ; nevertheless, in order to continue the dynamic coastal landscape drop stabilization should merely be used meagerly. Continuing the active drop at dumbly populated seashores is usually non executable due to the limited infinite. Consequently, cliff stabilization is usually merely used when there is sufficient infinite in the backland to let some smoothing. Repairing the coastline by constructions Definition of Breakwater: A construction dividing land and H2O countries. It is designed to forestall coastal eroding and other harm due to beckon action and storm rush, such as implosion therapy. Breakwaters are usually really monolithic constructions because they are designed to defy the full force of moving ridges and storm rush. In pattern, breakwaters and revetments are synonyms. Fig. 1. Examples of seawall constructions. A breakwater is constructed at the coastline, at the pes of possible drops or dunes. A breakwater is typically a aslant concrete construction ; it can be smooth, stepped-faced or curved-faced. A breakwater can besides be built as a rubble-mound construction, as a block breakwater, steel or wooden construction. The common feature is that the construction is designed to defy terrible beckon action and storm rush. A rubble-mound revetment frequently protects the pes of such non-flexible breakwaters. A rubble-mound breakwater bears a great similarity to a rubble-mound revetment ; nevertheless a revetment is frequently used as a addendum to a breakwater or as a stand-alone construction at less open locations. An open butch, which has been strengthened to defy wave action, is sometimes referred to as a breakwater. Functional feature The about perpendicular breakwater, which was chiefly used in the yesteryear, had the unfortunate map of reflecting some of the moving ridge energy, whereby the eroding was aggravated, ensuing in accelerated disappearing of the beach. However, all sorts of breakwaters involve beach debasement as they are used at locations where the seashore is exposed to eroding. The breakwater will repair the location of the coastline, but it will non collar the on-going eroding in the coastal profile. On the contrary, it will to a varying grade, accelerate the eroding. It is rather normal that the beach disappears in forepart of a breakwater, and it will most frequently be necessary, after some old ages, to beef up the pes of the breakwater with a rubble revetment. A breakwater will diminish the release of deposits from the subdivision it protects and will hold a negative impact on the sediment budget along next shorelines. Applicability A breakwater is a inactive construction, which protects the seashore against eroding and implosion therapy. Breakwaters were ( are ) frequently used at locations off exposed metropolis foreparts, where good protection was needed and where infinite was scarce. Promenades have frequently been constructed on top of these breakwaters. They are besides used along other less inhabited seashores, where combined seashore protection and sea defense mechanism is desperately needed. Breakwaters are chiefly used at open seashores, but they are besides used at reasonably open seashores. Definition of Revetment: A revetment is a facing of rock, concrete units or slabs, etc. , built to protect a scarp, the pes of a drop or a dune, a butch or a breakwater against eroding by wave action, storm rush and currents. This definition is really similar to the definition of a breakwater, nevertheless a revetment does non protect against deluging. Furthermore, a revetment is frequently a addendum to other types of protection such as breakwaters and butchs. Emergency Protection From Coastal Wiki Jump to: pilotage, hunt The undermentioned article discusses exigency protection of seashores. Emergency protection steps are by nature rapidly built and non good designed steps. Method Typical edifice methods and stuffs are the undermentioned: Rock dumping. Without filter beds, frequently excessively steep and low, without proper toe protection, which means that they are unstable Sand sacking, sometimes supported by wooden hemorrhoids. Often excessively low and without toe protection etc. The cloth is non lasting, which means that such protection will fall in after a really short period Dumping of other sorts of material easy at manus, such as different sorts of concrete pieces, edifice stuffs, old tyres etc. Functional features Emergency protection steps are typically holding the undermentioned features: They are unstable and therefore non supplying proper protection They need changeless care and supply of new stuffs They are ever inactive, and promotes farther loss of beach They are botching the natural beauty of the beach They prevent transition of the beach They pollute the beach with unnatural elements, such concrete dust, bricks, gum elastic and plastic Applicability Private and public land proprietors are sometimes forced to â€Å" build † exigency protection at locations where â€Å" unexpected † eroding occurs. The exigency protection is installed in order to forestall farther harm to coastal installings. â€Å" Unexpected † can hold different causes as discussed in the followers: Unexpected can be in the signifier of a rare of utmost event, such as a tidal moving ridge state of affairs or the transition of cyclone Unexpected can be the development of ongoing eroding at locations where it has non been possible to supply financess for a proper and timely protection Unexpected can be due to miss of cognition to coastal procedures and/or informations, whereby eroding seems to be unexpected despite the fact that it could hold been foreseen if proper monitoring and coastal probes had been practised Emergency protection can to a great extent be avoided by proper monitoring, shaving and support. Definition of Bulkhead: A bulkhead is a construction or divider used to retain or forestall sliding of the land. A secondary intent is to protect the seashore against harm from wave action. 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Immigration Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Immigration Argumentative Essay Outline1 Introduction2 The reasons to immigrate 3 The essence of immigration4 Learn more about the effect of immigration Introduction The desire to change places and the level of life is one of the main characteristics of a human being. This desire in todays realities is called immigration. Immigration (from the Latin immigrate to infiltrate) –is an entry into a country or region for a permanent or temporary, but the long-term residence of people from other countries or regions. But to date immigration has become a big global problem, discussed at all international forums and summits, especially in the field of economy, trade and business. The reasons to immigrate There are a lot of reasons that cause people to leave their homes and immigrate to other countries. They have more economic, political, national and religious nature. People leave the borders of their homeland, leaving behind their native country, in search of better opportunities in education and careers. Many people want to improve their well-being, career growth, business growth and migrate to another country with the intention to earn more money and find a comfortable place for old age. Some people are forced to immigrate because of war, hostility, prejudice or even persecution. And others are moving just because they can and wont do it, these people are looking for adventure or just want to make something new in their lives. Immigration is often seen as either an act of courage or a  poor man`s escape. It is really needed to be a courageous person to give up everything and go abroad to work, especially when on the horizon there is not a hint of improvement in their home country. So many people decide to quit all, run away and become an immigrant. The essence of immigration Life abroad is often difficult. The difficulties of finding work, adapting, renting a house (problems with it are obvious because of the lack of credit history), opening accounts, obtaining insurance and surviving in a new environment can hardly simplify a persons life. The migrant is faced with the need to get used to a new habitat, language, and an increase in the cost of living. Not to mention the fact that the family and close friends are far away. Similarly, newly arrived people often experience complexes associated with a sense of their own inferiority to the local population, which affects self-esteem, performance and even health. The complex develops against the background of comparing oneself with the environment, lack of knowledge of the language, lack of a home, necessary documents, work, social status and other social benefits. Being a global challenge, migration always carries a threat to the stable development of those countries where migrants arrive. Forced unemployment, lack of money, occupation and any social status push migrants to obtain money and material goods. Especially migration has many negative consequences for the host country if we are talking about illegal immigration. Almost every day, from the developed countries there are reports that a group of persons who, circumventing the law, tried to get to where they can live with dignity, are detained. Stronger illegal immigration processes often pose a threat to the recipient countries, given that labor markets are severely affected. The incomes of illegal immigrants are not taxed, which leads to a loss of profits, and the population of the host country is often at risk of serious diseases. Also, the leaders of many countries of the world are concerned that illegal migrants have a negative impact not only on the socio-economic but also criminal situation. The relevance of illegal migration becomes important in connection with the activation of international extremist and terrorist organizations, as well as the expansion of the scale of drug smuggling. Thus, a direct link between illegal migration and drugs has long been established, which has become a headache for many governments around the world. .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .postImageUrl , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:hover , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:visited , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:active { border:0!important; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:active , .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427 .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf3140fbe46e6c690f220a180d8b53427:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Media Violence And Its Effects On Children EssayLearn more about the effect of immigration Until intolerance became an urgent problem, the government did not think about such a condition as, for example, the compulsory knowledge of the language of the country hosting the migrant, the knowledge of national values and tolerance for them. In connection with the above events, in countries where a large number of immigrants are flocking, the interesting  situation is aggravated. To date, more than a million people are coming to the United States. This is mainly due to the possibility of implementing labor and commercial activities, raising their standard of living and the standard of living of their children. This is not surprising, because the US is universally recognized as the center of attraction for professionals, where representatives of the professional elite from poorly developed countries flock to. Surprisingly, as an undisputed leader in the number of illegal and legal migrants, America remains one of the most developed countries in the world. It is obvious that immigrants have a great influence on society, politically, economically and culturally. But those who oppose immigration do not understand that these immigrants can bring and benefit. Often they play a decisive role in the presidential election and vote for the best of the candidates, which can help people improve their living standards and living conditions. Due to external migration (emigration and immigration), there is a mechanical increase in the population of the country. People who move, contribute to the spiritual and cultural development of the host country. Many economists believe that immigration increases productivity and smooths certain failures in the labor market. Since these people help states cope with the shortage of labor resources in all spheres. And if we talk about legal immigrants, they support the economy through the payment of taxes and their expenses in the host country and promote the development of international relations, establishing friendly contacts, developing trade between countries. As we can see, the phenomenon of illegal migration brings a big danger. And it will take place while there is a difference in living standards, income, political situation between countries, while the services of smugglers and cheap labor are in demand. Because of this, entire states, their populations, and their national identity are under threat. Therefore, in the current situation, many countries are forced to review their migration policies and take measures aimed at tightening the conditions for finding representatives of various ethnic groups in their territory. There are ideas that there should be a separate authority that will monitor illegal immigrants in the country. Thats why every year it becomes more difficult and more difficult to migrate to the United States or Europe. Requirements for immigrants are getting tougher, and immigration officials are more cautious about who they have admitted to their country. But doctors and teachers will not have to leave in search of a better life in other countries if in their own they will have a high-paying job and a high standard of living. Whole families will not have to leave their homeland if it is safe for them and their children. But unfortunately, the government does nothing to solve this problem. Therefore, the best way to solve the problem is to provide jobs and improve the standard of living in each country.

Liver Cancer Essays - Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Health, RTT

Liver Cancer Cancer is a group of many related diseases. All forms of cancer cause cells in the body to change and grow in an abnormal way. Normal body cells divide and grow in an orderly fashion. But cells changed by cancer can divide and grow out of control. This out-of-control-growth damages normal body tissues and disrupts the ability of organs to function, as they should. During the early years of a person's life, normal cells divide rapidly until adult size is reached. After that, normal cells of most tissues divide only to replace worn-out tissue and to repair injuries. Cancer cells, however, continue to grow. Often the cells form tumors (lumps) that compress, invade, and destroy normal tissue. Unless the cancer is treated, the tumors can grow and spread. If cells break away from such a tumor, they can travel through the bloodstream or the lymph system to other areas of the body. There, they may settle and form "colony" tumors. In their new location, the cancerous cells begin growing again. The spread of a tumor to a new site is called metastasis. Leukemia, a form of cancer, does not usually form a tumor. Instead, cancer cells invade the blood and blood-forming organs (spleen, lymphatic system, and bone marrow). It is important to realize that not all tumors are cancerous. Benign tumors, which stay in one place and have limited growth, is usually not life threatening. Cancer is classified by the part of the body in which it develops, by its appearance under the microscope, and by the results of a laboratory test. Since cancer is not a single disease, each type of cancer behaves differently. What's more, different cancers also respond in various ways to different types of treatment. That's why people with cancer need treatment that is aimed at their specific forms of the disease. In America, half of all men and on third of all women will develop cancer during their lifetime. Cancer is not necessarily fatal, however. Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have been cured. And the risk of developing many types of cancer can be reduced by changes in a person's lifestyle. The sooner a cancer is found, and the sooner treatment begins, the better a patient's chances are of a cure. What is Liver Cancer? The liver is the largest internal organ of the body. It weighs about 3 pounds and accounts for about 2% of a person's body weight. It is sheltered by the lower right ribs and it is found underneath the right lung, separated from it by a muscle known as the diaphragm. It is shaped like a pyramid and divided into right and left lobes. Each of these lobes is further divided into segments. The liver, unlike most other organs, receives blood form two sources. The hepatic artery supplies the liver with blood that is rich in oxygen. The portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the intestines to the liver. Because the liver is involved in many important metabolic functions, a person cannot survive without a liver. Some nutrients and vitamins absorbed by the intestines are stored in the liver until other organs need them. Other nutrients must be metabolized (chemically changed) in the liver before they can be used by the body for energy or to build and repair tissues. Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism all depend on proper liver function. Blood levels of glucose and controlled by the liver. Glucose is a type of sugar that serves as the main source of energy for most tissues and organs in the body. The lover produces albumin. Albumin is a blood protein with several essential functions that include keeping a proper balance of fluid between tissues and the bloodstream, and transporting many hormones and drugs through the bloodstream. Several clotting factors are made in the liver. Without these factors to plug up damaged blood vessels, even small cuts or scrapes would cause life-threatening bleeding. Without amino acid metabolism by the liver, other tissues of the body could not produce the structural proteins of our bones and connective tissues or enzymes (proteins that regulate nearly all chemical processes of the body). The lover also plays a part on the metabolism of lipids (fats) and makes cholesterol, which is an essential part of the membranes that surround all cells and divide the cells into organelles (specific parts of cells). The liver also inactivates many drugs and toxic chemicals. If the liver is not working well, these substances can build up and interfere with many of the

Speedway Museum essays

Speedway Museum essays The Speed Art Museum was built in 1927 and is located in Louisville, Kentucky. The museum has a distinguished collection of 17th Century Dutch and Fleming paintings, 18th Century French art, Renaissance, Baroque tapestries, a lot of contemporary American paintings and sculptures, as well as African and Native American works. I was very impressed with the layout of the Museum and how the parking lot area and the Museum grounds are very well kept. I should add that the personnel were very courteous. My favorite painting was Adoration of the Shepperds by Paolo de Matties; the painting shows Christ soon after birth, the shepperds, and some stable animals. It shows how the shepperds were led by the angels to the manger to praise and pay homage to the Baby Jesus who radiates a miraculous glowing light. The whole painting is so alive; Virgen Mary beside Baby Jesus in the manger is the pure reflection of happiness and hope for the whole world. I believe this represents the salvation of the human being by having Jesus Christ born. There were some other paintings that caught my eyes; one in particular was one called The Newspaper Boy. The painting seems to come alive and at things you thought the boy was going to walk out of the painting. The colors are vivid and flow into each other effortlessly with no apparent seams or edges. The details of the back ground are dramatic in every detail, the painter didnt miss anything from the snow flakes to the street lamps to the curding with gutters. Along with all of the paintings there is a large variety of other art such as vases, urns, bowls, sculptures, masks, tapestries, and headdresses. These items ranged from early human to American Indian with items from almost every era in history. There was also some modern works placed throughout the museum at various points so not to interfere with the timeline of each area. The painting that I dislike the most ...

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Performance Management - Essay Example Furthermore, it is often considered as the process where various resources of the organisation or any particular department are utilised efficiently in order to successfully attain the broad objectives of the organisation (Patterson & et. al., 2003). It has been noted from the provided case that Gearflex Co, a retail chain that deals with car accessories has grown to become the market leader in this particular sector in the recent times. However, it is believed that this leap of the company is relatively due to its effective decision making ability regarding the domain of performance management. One such decision can be attributed with the approach of the company to implement ‘Beyond Budgeting’ model in its operational activities. It is further observed that the operational director of the company is largely responsible for this change initiation related to the organisational strategy. This aspect has further influenced the management of the company to select the operati onal director to deliver a presentation in a particular conference that has the participation of managers from various retail sector of the world. Aim of the Report Contextually, the aim of this report presentation will be to demonstrate the scenarios which has influenced the operational department of Gearflex Co to select Beyond Budgeting’ model for their operation. These factors will include the potential problems associated with traditional budgeting techniques including several behavioural aspects as well as the benefits the organisation has gained by shifting to Beyond Budgeting’ model. Problems and Weaknesses in Traditional Budgeting Approach Over the years various forms of budgeting technique has been implemented by organisations in their operational purposes. Among those, the line-item budgeting or traditional budgeting is quite commonly applied budgeting model. This type of budgeting was devised with the intention to deal with the rising issues of organisation al setting including the area of purchasing, bidding, accounting as well as auditing among others. Over the years, this approach was seen to be extensively employed in organisational operation as a full time budgeting tool delivering potentially noteworthy results for the overall business. However, with the emergence of contemporary business environment, companies has started to realize the need of replacing traditional budgeting approach with a more flexible and efficient model. This is due to certain problems and weaknesses associated with traditional budgeting approach which are being highlighted subsequently (Cheong, 2013). There are several potential problems association with the aspect of traditional budgeting. First is the factor of time. Notably, traditional budgeting consumes a lot of time in its execution. Reportedly, companies in most of the scenarios take more than six months to execute traditional budgeting. This aspect hampers the efficiency of organisational operation . Furthermore, it has also been analysed that since traditional budgeting takes longer duration in its completion, organisations are also required to provide resources for a longer basis which further increase the cost of the company concerning

Negative Impact Of Outsourcing On Economy Research Paper

Negative Impact Of Outsourcing On Economy - Research Paper Example Companies contemplate on various ways in which they would reduce on the output of their money and intern saves on cost. Therefore, the main idea that comes across is outsourcing of some of their work. There is a notion that outsourcing has the ability of saving on cost of employment. The fact is that most of outsourcing companies work on a low budget their workers are not provided with benefits and most of their employees do not require overhead expenses (Olga, 2003). Moreover, cost can also be reduced if the company offering outsourcing services is from a different country. This is because of differences in economic stature, which will lead to high differences in currency value. The other reason why some companies outsource their work to experts is that they want to involve themselves on other business issues. This is due to the urge of concentration by individuals in a company (Lazarus, 2004). The experts will ensure that work is done, and the contracting company will leave everything to them as they concentrate on other things. The management will also give out work, which will not require their attention and resources, as they will have an easy time managing a company from within. On the other hand, companies involved with outsourcing can maintain their professionalism by operating on a streamlined direction of acquiring excellent technology, which could not be available in locally (Olga, 2003). Outsourcing helps in globalization of a company, as it is a cost-effective way of building branches and franchises in other countries. The manner in which outsourcing affects cost is indicated in the graph below.  is indicated  in the graph below. It is clear that outsourcing is an  event, which has gone beyond the whole  ideology  of employment and working from one position as a team (Ryan, 2004). Therefore, it would best if the paper examines some  negative  effects related to outsourcing in the education sector, society, companies, neighborhoods, and communities (Michelle, 2004). Moreover, the  paper  will also  determine  some hidden costs incurred by companies in terms of reducing cost of  productivity  and decreasing support  from customers. Effects of outsourcing According, to some business scholars such as Olga Kharif (2004) argue that companies prefer outsourcing because of low cost associated with it and they will save wages they would give to employees working from within the company. However, with  cost  of IT increasing every day, companies will realize that they sometimes use more than what they expected to use (Olga, 2003). The industry is always  competitive, and most companies prefer offshor e outsourcing. However, frustration  is drawn  back to local  employee who would be rendered jobless due to another  person  elsewhere  being given  same job. Outsourcing has also created  insecurity  in the job market as workers can lose their positions as other people can  offer  their expertise from  elsewhere  at a cheaper price (Ryan, 2004). The other  predicament  caused by outsourcing is and associated with joblessness  is increased  crime rate. People need to survive, and they would do anything to survive. Therefore, people who lose their jobs will  turn  to crime (Michelle, 2004). Crimes include cyber crimes where people hack into the

Military lessons learned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Military lessons learned - Essay Example They focus on operating plans and details to go one step further at a time (Harris and White, 1987, p. 110). They are also more focused on little things than the generalized point-of-view. Logisticians are different from tactical planners since they are the ones responsible for inventories and knowing the use of resources and their whereabouts. They do that to achieve the objectives. Their works include combining and application of information, material transfer, storage and protection. They may use equipment or computers to easily store and retrieve the data regarding the analysis and predictions on resource use (Kane, 2001). Strategic thinkers are the ones responsible for the general direction of the organization like armed forces. They try to answer the questions why and how instead of what. They are concerned with wider arrays of methods to reach the desired future. Their works are then supported by both the logisticians and tactical planners. Strategic thinkers are not conventio nal type of people as they make use of odd and different ways to create opportunities that sometimes can be provocative regarding the direction of a group. They perform the operation called strategic thinking wherein it serves as the precursor of strategic planning (Heuser, 2010, p. 456). Since the armed forces always engage in defense and sometimes go to war, they really needed the thinkers and planners on how to use their armed members to the fullest to achieve the objective. Leadership may be proven to be handy in the case of armed forces since planning is part of the function of leaders. They should be able to delegate the works toward the achievement of their goals. In addition, leadership skills serve as the binding agent of an organization and traverse the same direction toward growth. In the process, big and small plans are needed and can be categorized as short-term and long-term plans. They contain deadlines, procedures and delegated

Analysis of Approaches to Bargaining Models

Analysis of Approaches to Bargaining Models Abstract This paper discusses the various types of approaches to bargaining models, namely indifference curves and iso-profit curves, monopoly union behaviour and efficient contracts. Then we go on to study the concept of efficiency wages in a unionised as well as a non-unionised environment and with the help of existing economic theories we develop a model and incorporate the alternative wage rate. On completion of this paper, we will be able to understand the influence of wage level, alternative wage rate and other factors on the employment level, which would be highly important to both the firms as well as the labourer’s side while framing policies. Introduction Before starting with the paper, we need to know what efficiency wages are. It is the wage that is set by the firms or the employers which is higher than the market clearing wage. There are certain implications behind this action. Doing this, it would encourage workers’ loyalty towards the employer; the firms would be able to attract higher number of talents and thereby improving the applicants’ pool, raise the morale of the workers and as a result the overall efficiency of the firms increases. In various efficiency wage models, labour productivity has a positive relationship with the wage rate. Also worth mentioning, is that the efficiency wage model is an extension from the Shapiro-Stiglitz model of efficiency wage. In this paper, we combine both the microeconomics concept of labour union and the model of Shapiro-Stiglitz to derive the various propositions. Moving ahead, we discuss the basic two models of wage rate determination for the unionised and non-unionised sector of the economy. The first would be the monopoly model, as prescribed by Oswald in 1985, assumes that the labour union sets the wage and the employer chooses the profit maximizing employment level. The second case also stated by Oswald in 1985, notes that both the employer’s side as well as the worker’s side can benefit from the monopoly outcome by jointly bargaining over the wages and employment level. Literature Review Oswald, A. (1985): â€Å"The Economic Theory of Trade Unions: An Introductory Survey† Scandinavian Journal of Economics, volume 87. Oswald assumed that the union sets the wage and the employer chooses the profit maximising employment level. He also stated that the efficient bargaining model notes that both sides can improve on the monopoly outcome by jointly bargaining over wages and employment. Brown, J. and Ashenfelter, O (1986, June): â€Å"Testing the Efficiency of Employment Contracts† Journal of Political Economy, volume 94. They used the significance of a measure of alternative wages in an employment regression as evidence for the efficient bargaining model. Stiglitz, J. (1987, March): â€Å"The Causes and Consequences of the dependence of quality on price† Journal of Economic Literature, volume 25. In relation to the efficiency wages hypothesis, Stiglitz stated that, â€Å"one motivation for this literature is to explain involuntary unemployment: If the efficiency wage is framework is valid, then firms may not lower wages even in the face of excess supplies of labour. Krueger, A. and Summers, L. (1988, March): â€Å"Efficiency wages and the inter-industry wage structure† Econometrica, volume 56 Another additional motivation of this literature is the that the empirical observation that inter-firm or inter-industry wage differentials remain even after most possible economic determinants of these differentials have been controlled. Katz, L. and Summers, L. (1989): â€Å"Industry rents: Evidence and Implications† Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Microeconomics. The wage differentials tend to lower quits and increases the length of queues of job seekers attempting to gain entry. They explained the relationship between the existences of rents associated with efficiency wages. Research Question What is the effect of general wage level and alternative wage rate on the employment level, when efficiency wages are paid both in a non-union as well as union setting? Methodology The theory of income distribution is the study of the determination of the shares of the factors of production in the total output produced in the economy over a given period of time. For simplicity, we assume two factors of production, labour and capital, their shares are defined as follows: Share of Labour = (w*L)/ X and share of capital = (r*K)/X Where w= wage rate, r= rental of capital, L=quantity of labour employed, K=quantity of capital employed and X=value of output produced in economy. With this backdrop, we proceed on to the model where we consider firms and labours perspective, in both unionised and non-unionised labour setting. Initially, labour force is unionised. As a union, three of the most commonly pursued goals are: maximization of employment, maximization of total wage bill and maximization of total gains to the union as a whole. The general conclusions derived from this microeconomic thought are firstly, if the firm buyers have no monopsonistic power, labour unions can possibly attain an increase in the wage rate at the cost of a lower level of unemployment. Secondly, if the firm buyers have monopsonistic power, the unions actions can eliminate one part of the monopsonistic exploitation and thirdly, if the firm buyers have monopsonistic power, trade unions can increase the total wage bill in most of the cases, by either increasing employment or the wage rate or both. Considering, the concept of efficiency wage hypothesis and incorporating the alternative wage rate as used by Shapiro and Stiglitz we combine this macroeconomic phenomenon with the microeconomic concept of labour union. Looking at the employment level, alternative wage rate, normal wage rate we can run a regression analysis on the employment level with various other variables and determine the significance of these and come up with propositions under different cases. Bargaining Models In the context of labour unions, there are different types of bargaining that can take place between a firm and a labour union. These methods are also applicable in many other aspects other than labour unions. Indifference Curves and Iso-profit Curves Here, we look at the union’s preferences as the preference for a single worker. We can formulate the utility of the worker as a function of consumption, C and leisure, L, i.e. U (C, L). Representing, the utility function in terms of wage rate, w and labour supplied, h, we can write it as follows: U (h, w) = U (w*h, 1-h)where C = w*h and considering time constraint L= 1 – h. An indifference curve in (h, w) space is defined by setting u as (constant) and we define w implicitly as a function of h, w (h). Therefore, we can write it as follows: U (h, w (h)) = U (w (h)*h, 1-h) = Differentiating, the above equality with respect to h and hence obtaining the slope of the indifference curve. This implies that along the labour supply curve, where MRS = w the indifference curve will have zero slope. To the left of the labour supply curve, workers work more and so MRS w and the indifference curve is upward sloping. We can reinterpret the first order condition for finding labour supply as the worker finding the highest indifference curve in (w, h) subject to the constraint that w equals the offered wage, leading to the tangency shown below. Looking at the firm’s side, its preferences are derived using the iso-cost curve. The firm’s profit function can be written as follows: ÃŽ   (E, w) = f (E) – w*E We set the price to unity and along an iso-profit curve, we set the profit equal to some constant , which implies an implicit relationship between w and E. Therefore, we can write it as f (E) – w (E)*E = . Differentiating, the above equation implicitly, we find the slope of the iso-profit curvealong the demand curve MPE = w, implying that iso-profit curves are flat when they cross the labour demand curve. Left of the demand curve, means MPE > w hence iso-profit curve is upward sloping, and right of the labour demand curve, means MPE Monopoly union Bargaining In this model, the labour union sets the wage rate, w and the firm chooses the employment level, E. Since, the firm’s objective is to maximize profits, it will set the employment level at the point where VMPE = w. Assuming the union acts like a single individual so that h = E, its problem is then Max U (w*E, 1- E)subject to MPE = w Maximizing with respect to E, and using the first order conditions we get, f’ (E) = w. The above expression implies that the indifference curve will have a negative slope while the iso-profit curve has a zero slope and to interpret the cross of the two curves it would mean inefficiency. Workers would be willing to work more at a slightly lower wage and firms would make profits hiring them. However even if unions do function this way, that does not mean they are necessarily bad workers are made better off, but these gains are smaller than the losses to firms and consumers. If the value of the redistribution to workers is considered more important than the loss to the other parties then the union may still be a good thing. However it would be better for everyone if the union and firm could find a more efficient way of bargaining. Efficient Contracts This is another model of unions which assumes that the labour union and firm will bargain in such a way that it leads to an efficient outcome. Now, any Pareto efficient outcome will be reached between two parties by guaranteeing some level of profits to the firm, and maximizing the union’s utility. Max U (w*E, 1- E)subject to f (E) – w*E = On solving, we get w = (f (E) ) / E. The first order condition can be written as follows Solving algebraically we get that the iso-profit curve and the indifference curves are tangent. It cannot be solved as to which combination of (E, w) will be chosen as there are several points- the locus of all these points represent the contract curve. Some information on profit and utility functions is necessary to determine whether the contract curve of the efficient contracts is downward or upward sloping, or vertical (the strongly efficient case). The Model General Assumptions: All the workers are identical. The worker’s choose their own level of work effort and this work effort is monitored by the firm with the help of technology. The monitoring process by the firm is not the most efficient or it is not perfect. The monitoring process can be expressed in terms of work effort as follows, q (e), >0, which implies that a worker will not be dismissed for an exogenously given level of work effort. All the workers have an identical utility function given as follows: U (w, e) = w – e2(eqn. 1) The workers are provided with unemployment insurance or they can obtain another or alternative job with wage rate. Efficiency Wages in a non-union setting Analysis: Now, if the workers are able to choose their level of work effort, which is not monitored perfectly by the firm, then the firm may pay wages above the market wage rate to ensure a higher level of efficiency or effort by the worker. The question is how would alternative wages enter an employment regression in this case? We have already assumed that the firm’s monitoring process can be expressed as a function of, q (e), suggesting that the workers are not dismissed for an exogenously given level of work effort. The workers can reduce their likelihood of getting dismissed, by the firm, by increasing their level of work effort. Implication behind this statement suggests that, q’ >0. Let n be the elasticity of q with respect to level of effort. We can therefore show that the optimal effort for the worker is e =(eqn. 2) In order to model the firm, we make another assumption of a concave revenue function, f’’ ÃŽ   = f (e*L) – w*L(eqn. 3) Using the optimization technique, the firm chooses the level of w and L, subject to the worker’s choice of e. From the equations 2 and 3, we find out that the optimal wage rate, w is twice that of the alternative wage rate,. Expressing f’ as a logarithmic form as a linear combination of various exogenous variables that affect the revenue and effective units of labour, the optimal amount of labour for the non-union firm is ln L = + ln ln w + X + ln (w ) And ln f’ = ÃŽ ±0 + ÃŽ ±1X – ÃŽ ±2 ln(e*L)(eqn. 4) X is the vector of non-labour factors affecting the marginal revenue product of labour. Interpretation of equation 4, is that the alternative wage rate, , conditional on w and X, will be negatively correlated with the actual or observed employment. Proposition: On running a regression of employment on wage level and alternative wage rate, it should yield a negative coefficient for the alternative wage if efficiency wages are paid even in the absence of efficient bargaining. Efficiency Wages in a Union setting Here, we discuss the case for efficiency wages in a unionised scenario and find the resulting demand for labour under both (a) monopoly unions and (b) efficient bargaining methods. Monopoly Unions Considering that the union comprises total of N number of workers, who are employed at the wage rate, 2. Using, the previous method discussed we calculate the optimal worker effort, e*, where e* = Each worker faces the probability of getting dismissed with a probability of q (e*). We also assume that the workers getting dismissed by the firms are replaced immediately. Now, the union’s objective is to choose w, so as to maximize the expected utility, V, of unionised worker. Let L be the employment level at the new union wage, w. Then for each wage, w, we have, V = [ q (w – e2 ) ] + if L And V = q (w – e2 ) + if L ≠¥N (eqn. 5) Now, in the case for monopoly unions, as the union raises the wage levels, it generally lowers the total employment level, hence we have L , a rising w would lead to rising employment because of increased work effort. The union balances the negative effect of wages on employment and positive effects of wages on employed members’ utility. Multiplying, equation 5 by N, the union chooses w to maximize V = Lq ((w – e2 ) (eqn. 6) Subject to f’e = w Using the optimization techniques, we solve for the monopoly union wage, w w = (eqn. 7) 2 is the measure of the slope or the steepness of the marginal revenue product curve. Higher the elasticity, n, with respect to effort, higher will be the union wage. In this model, the marginal revenue productivity condition for the monopoly model with efficiency wages is similar to the condition for non-union firms, although in this case, the unions will raise the wages and lower the total employment. This leads to the following proposition. Proposition: Under monopoly model and efficiency wages, if we run a regression of employment on X, w and and a union shift term, the coefficient on the union shift should be zero. However, in a regression that includes only the exogenous variables X and and a union shift term, the coefficient should be negative. Efficient Bargaining Here, we focus on the case where labour and the management jointly set wage rate, w and employment level, L. According to Mc. Donald and Solow, 1981, to derive the set of efficient contracts, they have suggested the necessary conditions for the contract curve. Vw / VL = Ï€w / Ï€L The subscripts represent the partial derivatives. Using equations 3 and 6, and substituting in the above contract curve relation, we get, (w – f’e) / (1 – f’ew) = (w ) > 0 (eqn. 8) As long as the union raises the wages above the non-union wage 1- f’ew > 0 and so is w – f’e. Wages exceed the marginal revenue product of labour (as already suggested by McDonald and Solow, 1981). Algebraically, solving the slope of contract curve is not possible and hence is indeterminate which leads to the next proposition. Proposition: Under efficient bargaining method and efficiency wages, if we run a regression of employment on X, w and and a union shift term, it will yield a positive coefficient for the union shift term as compared to a zero coefficient under monopoly model. However, in a regression that includes only the exogenous variables X and, the sign of the union shift coefficient is ambiguous, as compared to a negative coefficient in the monopoly model. Conclusion The results from the above classification of models suggests that traditional way of determining wage bill, i.e. labour times the wage rate, by the labour union and the employment level determination by the firm side are not the only factors that affect the decision making process of both the sides. Rather, the alternative wage rate, which is one of the factors taken up by Shapiro and Stiglitz in their â€Å"efficiency wage model†, is also instrumental in affecting the employment level. Another union shift term incorporated while running the regression, we find that it is also one of the determinants of employment determination. So, the ultimate conclusion that we can derive is that there are certain other factors as well in both wage and employment determination and these factors are statistically significant in different cases which again lead to various policy implications. Hence, modification of the theoretical microeconomic foundation and including certain other variables will show us a greater and deeper understanding of the employment determination and thereby various other policy prescriptions that both the sides can take into account while framing one. References Stiglitz, J. (1976, July): â€Å"The Efficiency Wage Hypothesis, Surplus Labour and the Distribution of Income in L.D.C.s† Oxford Economics Papers, pp.185-207. Oswald, A. (1985): â€Å"The Economic Theory of Trade Unions: An Introductory Survey† Scandinavian Journal of Economics, volume 87. Brown, J. and Ashenfelter, O (1986, June): â€Å"Testing the Efficiency of Employment Contracts† Journal of Political Economy, volume 94. Katz, L. and Summers, L. (1989): â€Å"Industry rents: Evidence and Implications† Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Microeconomics. Krueger, A. and Summers, L. (1988, March): â€Å"Efficiency wages and the inter-industry wage structure† Econometrica, volume 56 Stiglitz, J. (1987, March): â€Å"The Causes and Consequences of the dependence of quality on price† Journal of Economic Literature, volume 25. Cowell, F.A. (2004, December): â€Å"Microeconomics: Principles and Analysis† STICERD and Department of Economics, London School of Economics. Autor, D.H. (2003, November): â€Å"Lecture Note: Efficiency Wages, Shapiro-Stiglitz Model† MIT and NBER. Koutsoyiannis, A. (1979): â€Å"Modern Microeconomics† Macmillan. 1

Essay --

Introduction A small and medium enterprise refers to registered business with less than 250 employees (International Finance Corporation, 2011). They have become a major force behind nations economy’s for this reason. Because of their size, they constitute a large percentage of the organization of the informal sector, although, most players in the informal sector are not registered. Also linked to their size and proportion, they contribute heavily to employment and gross domestic product (GDP). These two features of SME’s have been the focus of developing countries and a major influencer behind developing countries government lobbying, apart from foreign direct investments and aid projects. Entrepreneurship in general has major roles and responsibilities within Kenya’s economy, and the economy of any nation for that matter (Irungu, 2014). Some of these include; †¢ Production of goods and services †¢ Employment creation †¢ Income generation †¢ Reduced poverty †¢ Increased government revenue †¢ Infrastructure development Some parallels and extensions between these roles, and the roles for SME’s can be drawn therefore to include the following. Employment Role The first benefit of enterprises is considered to be the revenue generated to the owner of the enterprise. When some individuals are hard pressed by the stresses of urban living, they may turn to starting a business as an alternative source of personal income. This way an SME’s can become to them their main source of finance once it is running and has developed a sense of automation. This is important since: †¢ larger firms are constantly downsizing †¢ average wages in decline †¢ limited chances of promotion in competitive job market †¢ low skills mean low income in the job market †¢ li... ...according to the vision 2030 will result I a general decline in poverty as well as increase the gross domestic product of the country. This is a major pillar of the Vision 2030, and so it underlines the role of SME’s. â€Æ' References International Finance Corporation. (2011). Small and Medium Enterprise. Telling Our story, 5(1). Irungu. (2014). Lecture Notes - Role of businesses. Nairobi: Daystar University. McIntyre, R. (2001). The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises in Transition: Growth and Entrapreneurship. Helsinki: UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research. OECD. (2004). PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE smes IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY: TOWARDS A MORE RESPONSIBLE AND INCLUSIVE GLOBALISATION. 2nd OECD CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS RESPONSIBLE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (smes). Istanbul: ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT.

Gemini Electronics Essay

1. What was the business model of Gemini? The business model was to produce TV’s on a just-in-time basis to pass on most of the distribution savings to the consumers. He planned to cater to the big box retailers such as Best Buy and Walmart to name a few, who wanted to cut down their supply chains by sourcing TV’s in North America. By shortening the supply chain you increase reliability making it easier to address uncertainties as well as building lean production to eliminate waste to reduce production time and cost. a. What were the key success factors that determined its past profitability? The key factors that determined its profitability was the reputation for having excellent quality at affordable prices below the competition. b. What are the risks Gemini is facing now? The risk Gemini is facing now is the recessions, the Korean and Japanese competitors lowering their prices, technological trends emerging such as the 3D TVs and video phone capabilities, and difficu lty trying to convince major retailers to carry their product. In order for those products to be carried, retailers pressed for more generous credit terms and no interest on overdue accounts. 2. What is your assessment of the company’s recent performance and current position in the marketplace? Gemini has been grown and holds the U.S. market share at 35% proven itself to be a strong contender in this industry. Through the years 2005-2008 net income increase substantially which could mean that there was sales growth and improved or reduced cost in operating efficiency. With a continuing increase in net income, there are potential opportunities for stock price and market cap increases. This will in turn make Gemini a favorable company for potential investors. In 2009 the net income decrease but that could have been due to the recession occurring in that time frame. Consumers probably didn’t have the money to splurge on TV’s and electronics. There was also the threat of the Sony 3D television and video phone capabilities. Maybe the consumers were more attracted to what was new and trending at that time. 3. Does Gemini need to establish operations outside the U.S. or can it  survive as a domestic company? It doesn’t need to because at this moment the company is very profitable domestically. That would definitely be something to consider in the future after first branding its products as â€Å"made in the USA†. I also agree with Wang in strategically planning to develop Gemini’s product line to be able to complete internally with competitors such as Sony and LG. a. What operational issues is Gemini likely to face if it expends internationally? Issues Gemini could face would be the existing competition, regulations, financial risk such as the exchange rate between currencies could lead to disappointing return on investments. There may be issues with accessibility to supplies needed when dealing with tariffs and fees to ship products in. 4. What is your assessment of Gemini and what strategies do you recommend Gemini to follow. My assessment of Gemini is that the company is operating in a capacity to where, it can generate revenue, cut operational and distributional cost, and still offer savings to consumers without decreasing the price of the units sold or quantity for certain products indicating that the company is continually growing despite the 2009 occurrences. I recommend that they rebrand themselves as a â€Å"made in USA† product and continue to become innovative and technology savvy to develop their product line in order to compete with other big name competitors.

Lean-Burn Engines

Lean-Burn Engines Lean-burn means pretty much what it says. It is a lean amount of fuel supplied to and burned in an engine’s combustion chamber. Gasoline burns best in standard internal combustion engines when it is mixed with air in the proportions of 14.7:1 - nearly 15 parts of air to every one part of fuel. A true lean-burn can go as high as 32:1. If internal combustion engines were 100 percent efficient, the fuel would burn and produce just carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. But the reality is, engines are far less efficient and the combustion process also produces carbon monoxide (CO),  oxides of nitrogen (NOx)  and unburned  hydrocarbons in addition to CO2 and water vapor. In order to reduce these harmful exhaust emissions, two basic approaches have been used: Catalytic converters that clean up the exhaust gases coming from the engine, and lean-burn engines which produce lower levels of emissions by better combustion control and more complete fuel burning inside the engine cylinders. Engineers have known for years that a leaner air to fuel mixture is a frugal engine. The problems are, if the mixture is too lean, the engine will fail to combust, and a lower fuel concentration leads to less output. Lean-burn engines overcome these issues by employing a highly efficient mixing process. Specially shaped pistons are used along with intake manifolds that are located and angled to match the pistons. Additionally, the engine’s inlet ports can be shaped to cause â€Å"swirl† - a technique borrowed from direct injection diesel engines. Swirl leads to a more complete mixing of fuel and air that enables more complete burning, and in the process reduces pollutants without altering the output. The downside of lean-burn technology is increased exhaust  NOx  emissions (due to higher heat and cylinder pressure) and a somewhat narrower RPM power-band (due to slower burn rates of lean mixtures). To address these problems lean-burn engines have precise lean-metered direct  fuel injection, sophisticated computer controlled engine management systems and more complex  catalytic converters to further reduce NOx emissions. Today’s advanced lean-burn engines, both gasoline and diesel, achieve noteworthy fuel efficiency performance during both city and highway driving conditions. In addition to the fuel economy advantage, the design of lean-burn engines results in a high torque power output relative to horsepower rating. For drivers, this means not only savings at the fuel pump, but also a driving experience that includes a vehicle that accelerates quickly with fewer harmful emissions from the tailpipe.

Pretrial Release essays

Pretrial Release essays Nearly every day the newspapers and the television media print stories about serious offences. During the last years, the publication about facts and backgrounds of sexual offenders and child molesters has grown, and the public interest goes along with this. For violent offences, the rate of violent offending in itself has been found to be a good predictor of future offending, though not necessarily of violence. So, I do not believe that some dangerous offenders should never be granted pretrial release. It would obviously depend on the circumstances of the accused and the accuser. Sadly some accusers have been known to lie or are mistaken in the facts. People demand security and prevention systems. Besides police presence or an education giving children advice to protect themselves as practical means to achieve this, the law provides for the theoretical basis to set up punishments in order to prevent offenders from committing crimes. The government reac ts to this public demand by developing new laws concerning the consequences for serious offenses and prevention of sexual crimes. Predicting whether an individual offender is likely to re-offend has been shown to be purely speculative. Some offenders are able to use their time in prison productively; many return to society without committing additional crimes. The state should focus its resources on identifying offenders in need of treatment and providing it, whether in prison or in the community. The Legislature already has drastically increased sentences for sex offenders. The Constitution protects all Americans, even those who have committed crimes in the past. To turn a blind eye to constitutional requirements in the interest of incarcerating people who we think might be dangerous in the future weakens the protection for all of us and undermines the integrity of the ...

Team Working (Dynamics, Efficiency) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Team Working (Dynamics, Efficiency) - Coursework Example Team working is one of the prime aspects based on which organisational operations are conducted in a coordinated manner (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2007). These factors, as stated above, can be identified as quite relevant in the scenario, where a survey was conducted in the year 2013 by CIPD, unveiling that most of the employees in the UK are not offered with required development plans relating to team working skills by the management. This has been affecting staff performance within the organisation to a large extent. In addition, Cedar, which is a training consultancy operating in the UK, have disclosed that lack of support as well as training has been an important concern for affecting business productivity proving the arguments in CIPD report. Human resources are recognised as facing issues relating to support from management, complex inter-personal relationship, inadequate training and stressful working environment. In this respect, Cedar needs to adopt an effective leadership style based on which organisational performance and effectiveness can be enhanced. Thus, this report intends to approach the HR Director of Cedar, which w ill be critically analysing the issues to improve relationships and community spirits among teams. According to the study conducted by Tarricone & Luca (2002), teams are identified as an important consideration for any organisation to the delivery of required business unit with better efficiency. Teams are developed comprising members with desired competencies with the aim of ensuring that operations are conducted in a participative as well as coordinated manner (Tarricone & Luca, 2002). In a similar perspective, the article published by Pearson Education (2011) signified that teams refer to groups working with the intention of accomplishing certain common goals. Team members thus need to perform their operations in accordance with which, operations or activities are needed to

Women history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women history - Essay Example On the other hand, Ruth Milkman focuses on the issue of gender at work. In this case, the author focuses on the aspect of sexual division during labor. In doing this, Ruth Milkman focuses on the World War II. Milkman indicates that refashioning gender roles remained enormous during World War II. There were expectations in terms of gender roles during this period. Additionally, men and women both played different roles. The fact that both authors focus on women, it means that women remain important in the society. By focusing on women, both authors reflect on the post war period. In fact, the sentiments shared are happenings from the World War II. In writing the quotes, both authors take a critical approach on how certain aspects were conducted during the postwar period. Ruth Milkman and Rickie Solinger conduct an extensive research regarding issues facing women in the past. Additionally, both authors support their thoughts using several quotes. Despite the differences in ideas, both quotes reveal the position of women in the past societies. This means that both authors share similar sentiments regarding women. From Ruth Milkman and Rickie Solinger readings, it is evident that both quotes meet on similar ground. That is, women and aspects surrounding them. In the first quote, Rickie Solinger indicates that women are simply uterus in as much as various organisms support them. Here, the author remains clear regarding women and their personality. In the second quote, Ruth Milkman indicates that women can fill positions meant for men satisfactorily but subject to physical requirements and strengths. Almost similar to Solinger sentiments, Milkman is clear on issues surrounding women. Both authors are clear about roles of women in previous societies. In as much as both authors focus on issues that happened during postwar period, most issues indicated in the readings still happen in modern societies. In fact, the politics surrounding abortion remain

Health and Illness Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health and Illness - Assignment Example I think World Health Organization did not include the definition of illness as such because illness is actually an aspect of health, since it is not merely and absence of disease. For me though, health is a general condition of the mind, body and spirit – it could be well or unwell. A person with a healthy outlook in life is usually physically healthy as well. Sickness can be a disease or an illness. Disease, for me, is physical damage to one’s body – a deficiency, maybe, or a wound or trauma. Illness, on the other hand, refers to the sociocultural context of having a disease, and this includes the experience and perception of a disease. It may also include religious and spiritual infirmities and disbeliefs. What I mean about the sociocultural context is that the patient and his community define, classify the episode of sickness in a way that it is meaningful to them and the society in general. It does not have to be a technical â€Å"malfunction of the body†, and can accommodate meaning defined by how a person is feeling and thinking. Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April

Inside Islam notes Essay Example for Free

Inside Islam notes Essay

Othello :: essays research papers

Jealousy is what made most of Iagos plans a success. Iago was the bad guy and Othello was the good guy, and everybody else that was affected didn’t do anything to deserve it. Iago was the mastermind that planed everybody’s painful death. Iago lies to Casio to try to make Othello kind of disbelieving in Desdemona and think that she is with Casio. Othello gave his wife Desdemona a handkerchief that his dead mother gave to him. Then Iago planned to get that handkerchief and he did succeed, he got it from Emilia who falls for Iagos trick. Iago gave the handkerchief to Casio, then Othello sees the same handkerchief that he had gave to Desdemona. So now Othello is angry because he saw Casio with the handkerchief. After this Iago is allied with Othello and they plan to kill Casio and Desdemona. Iago tells Othello to strangle his wife but Othello wants to poison her. Somehow Iago convinces Othello to strangle her and also promises Casio’s death to Othello. That night Ia go gets his puppet Rodrigo and tells him to go and kill Casio, and Rodrigo is so stupid and obeys Iagos commands. Rodrigo does not kill Casio but Iago does get a good shot at Casio’s leg. Since Rodrigo does not kill Casio, Iago goes ahead and kills Rodrigo and making Casio think that Iago is still his friend. Since Iago does not succeed in killing Casio, Iago starts to panic and thinks his plans are going to fail. But since Othello kill Desdemona, everyone races to their room and most of the characters in Othello are there. Othello confesses that he killed Desdemona, but because she was sleeping with Casio. Every one doubts him so Othello says that he saw Casio with the handkerchief he gave Desdemona. Then Emilia jumps in and is about to say something but Iago whispers something to her and tells her that its time to go home, but Emilia refuses and starts to speak out and says that the handkerchief was left behind in the bed and she picked it up.

The Personal Impact of Corporate Downsizing Essay -- Business Manageme

The Personal Impact of Corporate Downsizing Demoralization is the result of a corporate downsizing and if not handled well by the officers of the corporation, the corporation can expect a decrease in; worker efficiency, production, teamwork, and cooperation. Adding to this and equally negative would be increases in; absenteeism, tardiness, mistakes and additional job loss. None of these create a positive work environment. Downsizing also places a large amount of stress on the individual's life outside the workplace as well. It is very difficult for the remaining employees to continue being productive for many reasons. These people that remain are now the same people responsible to improve the profitability of the organization. Left to work in an environment where an employee feels they have no control over their future, none the less their day to day employment status. They are asked to continue to work not knowing if they or one of their associates or colleagues will be in the next round of layoffs. They have to carry the guilt of being able to continue working while their friends and coworkers are now seeking employment elsewhere. This can have dramatic negative effect on teamwork and one can see a how a metaphor can be drawn between this and troops that go to war do not want to make friends with someone who may die the next day. In that the person you are working with may be the next one to suffer the consequences of downsizing. Beyond the stresses face...

Human Resources & Labor Unions

The Impact of Labor Unions in the Hospitality IndustryAbstract Labor Unions in the United States have protected employee rights and benefits for several decades. Human Resources play an essential role in the work place in dealing with labor unions. Unions represent thousands of workers and employees throughout the nation in an effort to fight for human rights and equality in the work force. Negotiations are then met through the dedication of these unions that allow for a company to provide higher wages, adequate benefits, and better working conditions to employees around the world.This document will explain the importance of unions and the role they play in today’s economy and work force and how a business can remain union free. Introduction When deciding on which career path to take and what corporation to work for doing substantial research on benefits, wages, and the working conditions of that particular company is essential. What most people do not realize is what it took for those benefits to be created. History reflects the changes in employee benefits and working conditions back to the 19th century.During this time farm workers began working in mines and factories facing terrible working conditions and health risks. Women and children also worked under the same conditions with lesser wages. In an attempt to fight against these working conditions, workers would gather to strike and protest for change and to be a voice for their communities. The effects of these protests and strikes in the work force made way for the Industrial Revolution allowing for the birth of labor unions.Labor unions are organizations formed by employees and workers around the world from various industries. The unions unite in an effort to bargain and protect employee benefits, wages, and fight for better working conditions. Today, several unions are in existance in mutliple industries to protect employee rights and work hand in hand with human resources managers. One union, f or example, is the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees International Union (HERE), that united with the Union of Needletrades, Industrial, and Textile Employees (UNITE) to create UNITE HERE.UNITE HERE is an organization that protects members in the hospitality industry and is in conjunction with The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, also known as AFL-CIO. The ALF-CIO is the largest federation of unions representing workers in the hotel, gaming, food service, manufacturing, textile, distribution, laundry, and airport industries. UNITE HERE has fought to create jobs and change low-wage jobs to higher paying jobs within these industries. (â€Å"Unite here, 2012†) Human resources practices have advanced since workers began to unionize.Managers were now challenged with the demands of labor unions and were forced to face union representatives rather than dealing with employees directly about issues such as wages, benefits, and grievance. Th e struggle between labor unions and companies still continues and it is in the convenience of both unions and corporations to have an understanding and functional relationship with one another for peace and equality within working quarters. The History of Labor Unions â€Å"Workers in the United States are facing a number of difficulties,† said Daniel J.B. Mitchell, a professor emeritus of public policy at UCLA. â€Å"Job security, healthcare, retirement funds — we haven't seen such levels of uncertainty since the Great Depression. † (Lazarus, 2012) Dating back to the 19th century, this is when businesses began to change from household agriculture into the mining industry and machine operated labor factories. Due to the changes and intense job conditions labor unions began to form in an effort to bargain for better rights. Strikes took place, resulting in conflict between workers and employers.The most influential of the unions being created at the time was the American Federation of Labor union due to its focus on higher wages and improved working conditions for its members. Miners in the mining industry were faced with long working hours, unsafe working conditions and were poorly paid. Most lived in company towers where doctors, schools, and law enforcement were provided by the actual companies in an effort to control the workers. â€Å"Companies maintained an oppressive working environment, prohibiting workers from talking or gathering, to discourage the creation of unions. (Habashi, 2011) In 1890 the Unite Mine Workers of America was founded representing workers in the mining sector that fought for collective bargaining. During 1933 and 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt’s â€Å"New Deal† was created protecting the rights of labor unions and prohibited employers from firing workers who took part in union activities. Labor Unions Today The work force has become extremely competitive over the past decade due to the drop in the economy. Union members are found to be in an advantage being that in some cases they earn a higher wage than a non-union worker.But this higher salary does not mean regular pay raises. (Sherk, 2009) The Hilton Hotel in Glendale, California is one prime example of the impact unions can have on workers today. For over a year a group of 30 or more employees from the hotel met in secrecy in an effort to form a union against the hotel’s low wages, overworked staff, and unorganized labor. This would become an almost four year battle against the Hilton Hotel. In 2005, with the help of UNITE HERE, the Rising Workers Campaign was launched against the hotel.Hilton attempted to soften the matter and come to an agreement by offering 50-cent pay increases and a promotion to a cook to become a kitchen key leader. This was not enough for the workers. What Hilton in Glendale did not know was that UNITE HERE had signed a national neutrality agreement with the Hilton Corporation in 2006, but it only applied to sites Hilton actually owned and operated. Because the Hilton in Glendale was a separate entity owned and operated by Eagle Hospitality, which ran 12 other hotels across the country, UNITE HERE went in for a boycott of Eagle Hospitality properties instead.Picketers targeted Eagle Hospitality hotels across Los Angeles weekly for 18 months until a settlement was agreed upon. â€Å"From that day on the whole hotel changed,† [Angela Reid – a bartender at the Hilton] said. â€Å"It wasn't even the same hotel anymore. † (Gaus, 2008) Another example of how unions impact the work force is with the Industrial Workers of the World Union (IWW) and it’s involvement in supporting all industries. Industrial Workers of the World believes in organizing all workers by producing the same goods or providing the same services into one union, rather than dividing workers by skill or trade. â€Å"About the IWW,† 2011) Industrial Workers of the Worl d began organizing Starbucks Workers Union (SWU) in 2003. Starbucks Workers Union unlike other unions is an example of solidarity unionism, meaning they take direct action against Starbucks Company without involvement from the government or a union representative. The Starbucks Workers Union has done just that successfully. (Tanyeri, 2011) â€Å"Working together, we have won improvements in wages and working conditions and remedied individual grievances with management. (â€Å"Starbucks workers union,† 2012) Labor Unions and Their Impact in the Hospitality Industry A major labor union impacting the hospitality industry is UNITE-HERE. This is the Needle Trades Union (UNITE) and the Hotel and Restaurant Employees Union (HERE) that merged together to fight for the rights of the workers in the hospitality industries. The hotels and casinos, and restaurants, etc. , in hospitality industry argue that UNITE HERE is unlawful at times. They claim that some of the UNITE HERE actions r ange from harassment to criminal.The invasion of private property and increased noise level by picketers is something the companies argue against. â€Å"Union representatives can come to the office and demand to see the higher-ups. No law says they have to be let in. † (Howe, 2012) UNITE HERE’s ultimate goal is to help as many people as possible. D. Taylor, Secretary-Treasurer of the Nevada Culinary Workers Union and executive committee member of UNITE HERE, interviewed with Casino Journal about his outlook for the economy and the hospitality industry during the ongoing recession the United States has faced.He touches on health coverage and agrees that every individual can surely pay for their own private health coverage given they were employed. With the amount of workers being laid off though, how are they supposed to manage these costs he asks. Also, with the amount of workers being laid off in an effort to save on labor costs, how are businesses supposed to offer a dequate customer service. â€Å"It’s a real dilemma,† says Taylor. (Taylor, 2009) On the other hand, UNITE HERE not only supports workers in fighting for their rights, it also launched a public website in an attack against Motel 6 franchises.UNITE HERE stated that Motel 6 was falling short of service standards and accused them of not having the ability to survive in this industry. Motel 6 replied in defense of their corporation stating that they have good standing relationships with their franchisees and will continue to grow in the years to come. They feel attacked by UNITE HERE and even stated having opened 50 new franchises in the year 2008. (â€Å"Unite here raises,† 2009) The impact that unions can have in the hospitality industry as any industry can range from positive impacts for workers and negative impacts on business.How to Remain Union Free â€Å"The time to communicate openly and treat employees the right way is every day,† says Rick Van Warne r, senior partner and principal at Parquet Public Affairs in Orlando. Warner’s theory is quite simple and direct. He states if union laws and agreements are automatically followed companies do not risk attacks from workers and unions. His advise on remaining union free is to establish an open communication with management and employees. He advises to never assume all management is treating staff fairly. Observation is key and constant communication.Explaining employee costs and benefits regularly is also essential because again assumption that the staff knows this type of information is not recommended. Opportunities for job advancement within a company and offering safe and non-intimidating working conditions will keep employees happy and allow them to feel that they also have a voice at their work place to discuss any matters that may arise. (Tanyeri, 2011) Summary Labor unions throughout the course of history have played an integral part in the business world and protectio n of employee rights.Beginning with the 19th century and the worker strike forces, the progress in employee rights over the past century has drastically improved. Labor unions are here to protect the rights of workers and be a voice so there is not any wrong doing on behalf of a business. Maintaining a clear understanding and functioning relationship with union representatives is in the best interest of the business and human resources management. By having an established understanding and abiding by union labor law companies avoid accusations from unions and workers.Employees will remain happy and grow productively with the help and support of their employer, which usually results in a flourishing business. Conclusion I believe that unions offer a positive balance in the business world. Without unions the exploitation of workers would still exist. It takes a higher force to fight for protection of human rights and see results. The progress of employee benefit packages and wages has come a long way just in the past decade alone. As an active employee in hospitality for the past 10 years wages alone have risen.The history in labor unions set a stepping-stone for our society in creating confidence amongst our generation to protect our rights as workers. In my research, I found it very devastating to learn the living and working conditions workers had in the 19th century. It made me feel extremely fortunate to be a part of this generation and have the opportunities given to me in our society. Companies still have a long way to go, but as Van Warner mentioned in my last article section, the time to treat employees right is everyday.If businesses would stop the ultimate focus on the worth of a dollar for profit only and put some of that effort into staff and working environments it would only result in an employee taking pride of their job. A happy employee means excellent customer service, which brings in returning customers and increased revenue. The earlier case with the Hilton Hotel in Glendale, California is a result of faulty practices by management. The staff was not happy. They did not feel well compensated or valued for their work. And with the case of theMotel 6, they received bad media for not following through with the service standards they are required to abide by. Remaining union free may take effort and even money, but in the long shot is only in the benefit of the business’ longevity in the work force. Overall, in the years to come there will be new laws and hopefully more improvements to our working industries and especially the hospitality industry. References * About the iww. (2011, July 3). Retrieved from http://www. iww. org/en/about * Taylor, D. D. (2009). Keeping up the Fight. Casino Journal, 22(6), 28-29 * Gaus, M. 2008, After four years of struggle: Hotel workers rising campaign pays off in L. A. Labor Notes, (352), 5-5. http://ezproxy. fiu. edu/login? url=http://search. proquest. com/docview/203683040? accoun tid=10901 * Habashi, F. (2011, February). Social problems in the mining industry – a historical essay (part 1). CIM Magazine, 6(1), Retrieved from http://www. cim. org/bulletin/bulletinlive/articles_print. cfm? Issue_ID=992&Type=1&row=2&Segment_ID=46&hide=1 * Howe, J. T. (2012, March). 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